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Displaying results 1221 to 1230 of 2644.
The military dimension of the Chinese revolution: the New Army and its role in the Revolution of 1911 »
Publication date: 1980
Despite a growing body of literature on reform and revolution in late Qing China relatively little has been written about the New Army and its role in the Revolution of 1911. This book fills the gap with a description of the military reform which led to the establishment of the New Army and the relationships of the New Army with the social order. The book also investigates a previously neglected area, the disaffection of the army and its direct contribution to the revolution. The state of the army in a number of provinces is examined, showing that there was widespread discontent and the loyalty of the troops, with a few exceptions, was highly suspect. This discontent arose for a number of reasons, of which revolutionary influence was only one. Dr Fung contends that the New Army, despite its weaknesses, marked a significant stage in the development of Chinese military power, and that the opening phase of the revolution was determined by its disaffection. It was only after the army had shown the way in six provinces that the already rebellious constitutionalists and provincial assemblymen threw in their lot with the revolutionaries. Their collaboration with the army officers contributed to the rapid collapse of the Manchu power.
Fascism, anti-Fascism and Italians in Australia, 1922-1945 »
Publication date: 1980
Although Italians had migrated to Australia since the middle of the nineteenth century, it was not until the 1920s that they became aware that they were a community in a foreign land, not just isolated individuals in search of fortune. Their political, cultural, economic and recreational associations became an important factor. Many of them, although settled in Australia, still thought of themselves as an appendage of Italy, a belief strengthened by Fascism's nationalist propaganda which urged them to reject alien cultures, customs and traditions. The xenophobic hostility shown by some Australians greatly contributed to the success of these propaganda efforts. Moreover, the issue of Fascism in Italy was a contentious one among Italians in Australia, a large minority fighting with courage and determination against Fascism's representatives in Australia. This broad study of Italian immigrants before and during World War II covers not only the effects of Fascism, but also records the ordeal of Italian settlers in the cities and the outback during the Depression and the difficulties they faced after the outbreak of the war. It deals with a subject that has long been neglected by scholars and is an important contribution to the history of Italian migrants in Australia.
The economics of federalism »
Publication date: 1980
An important development in public finance theory during recent years has been the emergence of the basic elements of a theory of fiscal federalism, based partly on the theory of public goods, partly on the theory of political process and partly on various aspects of location theory. The aim of the theory is to supply answers to basic and wide-ranging questions relating to the case for and the allocation of functions within a federal system, efficiency aspects of migration between jurisdictions, the case for different kinds of intergovernmental grants arrangements and the forms of debt and taxation arrangements appropriate to a federal structure. This volume gathers together most of the significant contributions to the theory, many of which are somewhat inaccessible. Although primarily concerned with federal constitutions, the book is relevant to the analysis of public policy under unitary constitutions which devolve decision-making autonomy to local or regional governments. It also reviews the current state of the art and thereby points out certain gaps that remain to be filled in the future.
Conflict and intervention in the Third World »
Publication date: 1980
'Great powers' and 'the Third World' are both groupings which excite controversy; while one can find much in common between the states which constitute each of them, there still remain differences between such countries as the United States and China on the one hand, and India and Papua New Guinea on the other, and thus there may be endless argument about what the groupings mean in practice. Nonetheless, both groupings are worth retaining. Two contrasting attitudes may emerge from the case studies presented here. A confirmation of the Third World as harried and distressed, largely through the actions of great and near-great powers, or alternatively the appearance of relative autonomy of the Third World states. Never before have there been so many sovereign states, and never before so many weak ones. This volume brings together seven case studies of regional conflicts in the Third World and great, particularly super, power involvement in those conflicts. While a number of factors relating to the origins and course of such conflicts and great power motivations are bound to be unique to each conflict, the book illustrates that there are certain common denominators both in terms of regional conflicts per se and great power involvements in them which need to be highlighted and presented in a systematic fashion, if any worthwhile conclusions are to be drawn regarding the interaction between regional and great power dynamics in the Third World. The book contains considerable material for further argument - material in both the intertwined areas of fact and opinion, as well as being about the most important and complicated aspects of contemporary international relations.
An ecological basis for water resource management »
Publication date: 1980
This book, about biological matters determining the quality and usefulness of Australian fresh waters, was written for several reasons. It was written because Australian fresh waters have many distinctive biological and other features, and therefore overseas work and management of water resources is often not relevant and must be used with caution in Australia. A main aim of the book, therefore, has been to aid Australian water management authorities by presenting useful ecological and other biological knowledge on Australian fresh waters. Another reason was to bring together in one volume such knowledge since hitherto this has been scattered, often somewhat inaccessible and sometimes out of date. Since freshwater resources are not abundant in Australia, it is important that they should be well managed. This book aims to help all those concerned with water management to achieve the best management possible. It will be of interest also to other authorities and all concerned with preserving Australia's water resources.
The May 30 Movement: events and themes »
Publication date: 1980
The May 30 Movement of 1925 marked the beginning of a new period in the development of modern China, and demonstrated to both the Chinese and the foreigners the unprecedented level to which nationalist feelings and ideas has risen in China. In the course of the Movement the strengths and weaknesses of both foreign and Chinese forces were revealed. Although the Movement itself seemed to end in something of an anticlimax after the violence and bloodshed that had occurred, in the long run it proved to have been an event of major significance. Despite the importance of the Movement, there is still no standard work in any language about it, indeed there is no book-length general study of any kind. While the standard work will have to wait until free access is permitted to sources in China, so far unavailable, this book tries to fill the gap, at least in the English language, by giving an accurate account of the events of the Movement and an examination of its principal themes.
The rise of the medical practitioner in Victoria »
Publication date: 1980
Published Press Archives http://press.anu.edu.au/node/3605 1885_115110.jpg ANU Press The rise of the medical practitioner in Victoria Monday, 18 August, 1980 Not available Archive Scholarly Information Services Pensabene, T. S.
The shaping of Chinese foreign policy »
Publication date: 1980
In an era of socialist transition such as China is undergoing, the policies of the Chinese Communist Party in its relations with the capitalist world market are of necessity both complex and crucial. On the one hand the Party has sought to oppose capitalism as forcefully as possible, and on the other it has attempted to contain its hostility within such parameters as are necessary to prevent outright imperialist attack. This book deals with the period in the first half of the 1970s in which China's relations with the West were dramatically reversed - from the hostility of the 1950s and 1960s to the cautious alliance of the 1970s. Within the context of the history of Chinese foreign policy, the book analyses both the changes in international political economy and the debates within the Chinese leadership which sought an appropriate reference to them. It is argued that the dominant western analyses of China's 'turn to the west' are incorrect in their assessment that a heightened strategic fear of the Soviet Union was primarily responsible for the new policy which involved the abandonment of formerly held principles. On the contrary, it is argued, the reformation of China's foreign policy was above all a response to the flagging fortunes of international capitalism as the long post-war boom came to an end, and the application of traditionally held views to this new situation. The specific policies adopted in relation to the USA, the Soviet Union, Eastern and Western Europe, Japan and the Third World, are shown to be the logical outcome of the new analysis of the world situation made by the Chinese.
Economic activities of women in rural Java: are the data adequate? »
Publication date: 1980
The main focus of this paper is on the relative merits of macro and micro data in providing realistic and reliable information on the economic activities of women in rural Java. The two types of data would seem to have a symbiotic relationship: large-scale surveys tend to provide a simplified view of complex realities, and village studies can demonstrate where over-simplification occurs, thus acting as an impulse to the generation of increasingly more useful census and survey data. On the other hand, census data can provide the framework for assessing the degree of representativeness of village studies. The two, in interaction, should be able to generate increasingly more useful large-scale data, with village studies continuing to 'flesh out' the framework provided by census and survey data. Such a framework is provided in the latter part of the paper where 1971 census data are used to investigate the extent of information available on the economic activities of women in rural Java. Limitations of these data are considered, and some suggestions regarding areas where improved data are necessary are made.
Among cannibals: an account of four years' travels in Australia and of camp life with the Aborigines of Queensland »
Publication date: 1980
The ecology movement has led to a revival of interest in pre-industrial societies, especially those based on a hunting and gathering mode of subsistence. The rapid disappearance of such societies in recent decades, has made accounts of their traditional way of life particularly valuable. A major example is the work of the anthropologist and naturalist Carl Lumholtz, who spent four years living among the aborigines of Queensland, at a time when aboriginal culture had only been minimally affected by European contact. Lumholtz{u2019}s book is in the form of a biographical narrative, and not only gives a full description of his personal experience, but also presents details of aborigine life and culture. The book contains over one hundred black- and-white illustrations covering all aspects of aborigine culture and Australian wildlife.